Back in 1626, five planters came from England in search of the new world. The five planters were Conant, Balch, Trask, Woodberry, and Palfrey. They first settled in Gloucester. Not having any luck with the land or sea, they packed their things and set out once again to find fertile land and a good fishing spot. This time they landed at the top of the shoe Pond. In 1930 the Massachusetts Bay Colony Tercentenary placed a sign by the pond that refers to the Planters Path to their landing place behind McKay School. In 1634 land grants were issued in the general court that set up the boundaries of Salem, Beverly, Peabody, Wenham and Manchester. The planters were granted 1000 acres of land in 1636, which settled North Beverly.

Today North Beverly begins at Kittredge Crossing. For those who don’t know, it’s where the train tracks meet Cabot Street next to Dairy Queen. North Beverly continues up Cabot to Fosters Corner. This is the intersection in front of the North Beverly Fire Station. You could go down McKay Street or Conant Street and still be in North Beverly. Dodge Street and Enon Street were the most populated because of the train station and Wenham Lake. North Beverly also consists of Dodge’s Row, Brimbal Avenue, and Tozer Road.

In the early 1900’s trolley or streetcars linked virtually every city. It came from Boston through cities like Lynn and Salem. The trolley ran right through North Beverly. It went up Cabot and turned onto Dodge, and then it turned onto Enon Street where it went right into Wenham, a good old five-cent trolley ride. These rails ran until 1937. Two years later it was substituted with a bus service that went from Beverly up to Hamilton. Horse and carriages were still big in these days. Its uses varied from transporting people, hay, ice from Wenham Lake and even as a portable washing machine. The Star Family Laundry delivery wagon only charged you 50 cents per box and it was on Enon and Dodge Street five days a week. North Beverly also had a train station on Enon Street right at Dodge Row Crossing. It had a freight house that was used for unloading and storing less than a carload freight shipment. There used to be tracks that crossed Enon Street and went to Wenham Lake so they could get the ice from the lake on the train. The tracks went from Boston to Maine. North Beverly has the only airport in Beverly. In 1931 the Beverly Aero Club leased land from Swift and Hood. The airport had grass runways and one hanger. It occasionally had commercial airliners, warplanes and blimps but consisted mostly of private planes.

Agriculture was the region’s chief economic activity, so North Beverly had a lot of farms. Cherry Hill Farm owned by H.P. Hood & Sons was probably the best known. It was a model dairy operation that provided an educational experience for both children and adults. At the center of the farm were cow barns where there was a milk processing plant and an ice cream shop. It also had a picnic area with swings, see saws, slides, a horseshoe pit, and a musical shell for concerts. Thousands of families visited this farm each year. Hood closed the farm because it was not financially self-sustaining. The buildings were soon badly vandalized and eventually burned down. Hood never rebuilt the farm. It’s now an attractive feature for the growing industrial community.[1] There was also Raymond Farm near the golf course on McKay Street. It’s now all residential houses. North Beverly had its share of greenhouses. Mr. Potter had greenhouses and Caldwell had greenhouses and a great dairy farm. In 1930 there was a farm produce stand right where Memorial Middle School is today.

Wenham Lake was world-renowned for its crystal clear purity. There were several icehouses around Wenham Lake in the early 1900’s where they stored the cut ice. The ice was first cut, and then it was brought to shore with long poles, which is known as prodding the ice, to a conveyor that lifted it to the icehouse. They used layers of straw to prevent the ice from melting, and then it was put on the train and sent by vessel to every corner of the earth. On July fifth 1937 at 6 in the morning a spectacular fire completely demolished seven icehouses, boiler plants and other buildings in North Beverly resulting in a loss of 50,000 dollars. The mechanical refrigerator put an end to natural ice. Wenham Lake is used to supply its neighboring towns with drinking water. Beverly and Salem each have a pumping station in North Beverly. Salem used to have a reservoir in North Beverly but it is now filled. The Beverly Commons Luxury Apartments and other businesses along Tozer Road is where it used to be[2].

Bakers Tavern at the corner of Cabot and Dodge was a colonial stage coach tavern that stood until 1906 when the North Beverly Fire Station was built on it’s site.  The first cotton mill in America was stood behind it. Built in 1787, the mill was a three-story building of brick construction that measured about 60 feet long and 25 feet wide. It had a deep cellar at one end where a pair of horses furnished power for the mill by turning a shaft that was in turn connected to the machines upstairs through gears and belts. In one corner of the lot was a dye house and nearby was a well at which George Washington on October 30,1789 was said to have paused for a drink. He said, “The whole seemed perfect, and the cotton stuffs which they turn out, excellent of their kind.” The mill was burned down in 1828 and was not rebuilt.[3]

North Beverly was home to a lot of French Canadians, Germans, and English. It was also home to the Second Congregational Church at the corner of Cabot Street and Conant Street, whicht was erected in 1714. A bell tower was added in 1753 and in 1837 the building was turned and moved a bit to the north. In 1897 the Victorian era colored twin panel windows were put in, but in 1929 clear glass windows were installed and a colonial style chancel was added. Edwin L. Millet was in charge of the Sunday school there in the early 1900’s[4]. The church was also used as a Men & Women’s Club. The church still stands today. The North Beverly Cemetery is right behind the church and has been for about 200 years. In the early 1900’s, various scouts and military personnel who gathered for the traditional services of honoring the dead held Memorial Day exercises.

The Dodge’s Row School was a single room schoolhouse at 250 Dodge Street until it burned down on October fifth, 1905. The old Bass River School was built in 1906 at 30 Conant Street after the Dodges Row School had burned down and its students transferred here. Its principal was Charles S. Brown. The Winslow School, now known as McKay School, was built at the head of the Shoe Pond in 1910. It lost its unique appearance with the removal of its Flemish gables.[5]

North Beverly’s fire station was built in 1906 at two Dodge Street on the site of Baker’s Tavern to replace the earlier hose house up on Conant Street. Teams of horses were kept in the building before the apparatus became mechanized. Engine number five and ladder number three were held there. On Conant Street hose number three was held with Willard E. Caldwell as captain[6]. Beverly police patrols North Beverly but it does not have a station there.

The United Shoe Machinery Club House was built in 1910 as a recreational facility for its employees. Its Scottish Tudor-Style architecture with both small and large gables really makes it stick out. Its tennis courts and landscaped grounds added to the clubs appeal and charm. The United Shoe Machinery Athletic Association was organized that same year and held it’s annual meeting the first Tuesday in September at the clubhouse.[7] The North Beverly Community Club announces the Independence Day celebration. In the early 1900’s North Beverly hosted a Forth of July bonfire every year. This took place at what is now the North Beverly Plaza. Each year they added another layer of barrels. The last bonfire that the had was in 1955, and the barrels were stacked 110 feet high with 35 layers of barrels, hay, and tires. North Beverly also had its own baseball team. The North Beverly Baseball Team played on Lovett Field at VittoriPark across from the Second Congregational Church.

North Beverly is full of prosperity in the early 1900’s. The suburban life we know so well today was made possible in large part by the mobility of the trolley and the train. Businesses like the United Shoe Machinery Company, the ice company at Wenham Lake, the Cherry Hill Farm and the Cotton Mill became nationally and world renowned because of this. Other businesses grew and thrived off of this. North Beverly became a great place to live because of all these things, and will continue to be a great place to live for years to come.

Footnotes

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Beverly’s seaside neighborhood of Goat Hill has a very rich history.  Immigrants from many different parts of the world began to settle there in the 1830’s when the addition of the railroad occurred, because there was a wealth of jobs suddenly available.  The rich ethnicity added to the culture and the customs of Goat Hill as a neighborhood, and some of that culture is still apparent through the lives and attitudes of Goat Hill residents today.

Transportation:  Beverly’s railroad runs through the intersection of Ellingwood Street and Congress Street in Goat Hill (see image 1, image 2, and image 3), another neighborhood in Beverly.  The railroad is  the border between Goat Hill, downtown Beverly, and the Waterfront, or Fish Flake Hill.

Religion:  There were no recorded churches in Goat Hill between the years of 1900 and 1940 in the city directories, but there was a nearby church on RailroadAvenue.  In the 1930 City Directory, St. Alphonse’s Catholic Church was listed on Railroad Avenue, and that is within one block from territories still included as Goat Hill.

Education:  Goat Hill had two schools on its property between the years of 1900 and 1940.  Abraham Edwards School, built around 1912 replaced South District schools and South School on Stone Street in Beverly.[1]  The other school was called Pleasant View School, and was on the corner of Linden Street and Porter Street at Goat Hill.  This school was discontinued in the early 1900’s, however, when all the children were moved to the new Edwards School.[2]

Economy:  Goat Hill was, and still is, primarily a blue-collar, working class neighborhood.  When the railroad was installed through Goat Hill in 1839, there was an especially large growth in the neighborhood, due to job openings for the railroad.[3]  There were also many grocery and variety stores throughout the neighborhood. [4] Aside from that, most of the later inhabitants of Goat Hill worked in factories or businesses throughout the rest of Beverly.

Public Safety:  A fire station existed right across the street from Abraham Edwards School in Goat Hill.  There were also fire alarm boxes throughout the neighborhood, as there were throughout the rest of Beverly.  If the Police were needed, they were not far away in downtown Beverly.  The Fire Station in Goat Hill may be remembered best as the old Curious Creatures building.

Recreation:  Much of the recreational life of Goat Hill residents had to do with their proximity to the water.  Whether it was swimming in Bass River, or in the ocean off of Goat Hill, many residents found leisure through water activities.[5]  Since the water around Goat Hill is too shallow for large boats to maneuver through, people could swim without being interrupted.

Origin:  Goat Hill mainly began to be settled in 1839, as stated before, due to the addition of the railroad.  However, the seventeen present streets of Goat Hill weren’t entirely built up and settled until the 1890’s.[6]

Boundaries:  Goat Hill borders River Street and School Street on the north side, extends to the ocean on the south side, Rantoul Street on the east, and Bass River on the West.[7]

Ethnicity:  The name of Goat Hill is said to have derived from the neighborhood’s first immigrants:  the Irish.  The Irish tended goats on the hill, hence the name of the neighborhood.  Irish immigrants came to the section of Beverly beginning in the 1840’s and 50’s, and then in the early 1900’s a strong wave of Italians found a home there as well.  Today, the Irish and Italian roots are still apparent in the neighborhood.[8]  Also settling in Goat Hill in the early 1900’s were Canadians and people from Scotland, Nova Scotia, and Northern New England[9]  (see Goat Hill Ethnicity Chart).

The neighborhood of Goat Hill is often associated with its familiar family names and its community pride.  Though the neighborhood started out (and for the most part, still is) lower- to -working class, the pride of the inhabitants never subsided.  The neighborhood is as rich historically as any of the other neighborhoods in Beverly, with its background with the railroad and its many different immigrants settling in the area.  Such things in the neighborhood gave it the flavoring that newer neighborhoods lack today.  There was a story that long ago, residents of “the Hill,” embarrassed by the name,  tried to change the neighborhood’s name to “Pleasant View,” but never succeeded.[10]  Well, the local school earned the “Pleasant” name, but “Goat Hill” was never defeated.  Now residents are glad, because the name provides a history of the ethnic background of the neighborhood that no other name could.

  

Percentages of Different Ethnic Backgrounds Represented on Congress St. in Goat Hill in 1900:

41 Residents Total:

State or Country Represented	Number of People	Percentage
Portugal	2	4.9%
Canada	7	17%
Ireland	12	29.3%
Massachusetts	20	48%

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Footnotes

[1] Information provided by The Beverly Historical Society.

[2] Information provided by The Beverly Historical Society.

Many neighborhoods are a mixture of more than one aspect of a living and working community. However, the history of Gloucester Crossing is very different. Created only because the United Shoe Machinery Corporation chose to construct a factory in that particular area of Beverly, Gloucester Crossing was a neighborhood based on the economy. The many families of this neighborhood depended on their income from the factory and after many years went by, generations grew up with the United Shoe as an everyday part of their lives. However, Gloucester Crossing slowly grew into its own characteristic neighborhood and soon became a colorful part of Beverly’s past.

Gloucester Crossing was founded at the turn of the century shortly before the United Shoe Machinery Corporation opened in 1903. ¹ The entire neighborhood of Gloucester Crossing was developed and created by an ambitious businessman named Joseph L. Simon. Simon knew that with the coming of the United Shoe, there would be an abundance of new jobs and therefore housing for these new workers and their families would be a must. Simon bought the large vacant plots of land near the site of the United Shoe and had multiple three-deckers and duplexes built, creating streets like Ropes Street, Simon Street, Grant Street, and Bennett Street. The other streets that made up Gloucester Crossing were, Gage Street, Charles Street, Beckford Street, and Mill Street which suddenly became more populated and important with the new factory and the new housing construction. ² (see image)

Due to the fact that the coming of the United Shoe had created much of Gloucester Crossing, the United Shoe was to remain as the only source of economy for the neighborhood. Construction for the United Shoe began in July of 1903. (see image) All of the construction work was done by men using horses and wagons. Hundreds of Italian workers came to Beverly to work on the structures for the three buildings that were to be the future United Shoe. When the United Shoe was completely finished, over two thousand five hundred men were hired. ³ (see image)

Along with the economic stability that the United Shoe brought to Gloucester Crossing, it also brought activities, sports, and other forms of recreation to the neighborhood. From 1907 to 1940 the United Shoe sponsored the “Sam Sam” festival which included carnival rides, midway games, and entertainment for its employees and their families. (see image) In 1912, the United Shoe also had its own baseball team comprised of Beverly Shoe workers. (see image) Every year the Beverly employees played the employees from the United Shoe branch in Boston. The United Shoe also sponsored a ten-mile road race around Beverly and a girls gymnastics club. (see image)

With the expanding amount of families moving into Gloucester Crossing, a schoolhouse was built on Beckford Street to educate the children of the workers. (see image) However, most of the children attended the Washington School on Elliot Street because the schools district lines included the streets of Gloucester Crossing.

As for transportation, the three-decker houses on Simon, Grant, Ropes, and Mill Streets were built so that local factory workers could walk to work. Only the upper class residents that lived off Mckay Street needed automobiles to get to work. Also the fact that the railroads bordered Gloucester Crossing on both sides made for easy transportation. (see image)

Gloucester Crossing was at an ideal location because the residents were close to their place of work, transportation, and they were relatively close to downtown. (.jpg.G.C.tracks3) Since Gloucester Crossing was already close to the police and fire stations of downtown, neither were built especially for the neighborhood of Gloucester Crossing. Gloucester Crossing residents also had to travel to downtown Beverly to attend church services since there was already many churches downtown. However, in 1920 the Jewish Congregational Church was built on Beckford Street.

For many years Gloucester Crossing and the United Shoe thrived together as one community. Most if not all of the residents of Gloucester Crossing depended on the steady income the United Shoe provided. Gloucester Crossing was built solely based upon the needs of the United Shoe, but with time Gloucester Crossing became its own growing neighborhood. Up until the 1940s, the United Shoe was still a prosperous corporation, and in turn it still had a positive influence on the Gloucester Crossing neighborhood.  (see image)

Over the years many new residents had moved to Gloucester Crossing because of the stability that the United Shoe provided. Using Mill Street as an example of the ethnicity of Gloucester Crossing residents, it evident that new residents came to Gloucester Crossing for all over the country and the world. Four percent were from Ireland, four percent were from England, fifty six percent were from Canada, and twenty four percent were from Massachusetts. Also, a total of twelve percent were from other states. (see chart )

In conclusion, Gloucester Crossing is a neighborhood with a different, yet colorful past. What once was simply a neighborhood created to house United Shoe employees, became a living and thriving community as the years went by. Even though Gloucester Crossing was originally created because of the United Shoe, this neighborhood proved that a community of people living together in the same area can make the best of any situation if they work together as one.

ETHNICITY OF MILL STREET IN GLOUCESTER CROSSING
PLACE OF BIRTH	NUMBER OF RESIDENTS FROM THE LOCATION	PERCENT OUT OF TOTAL NUMBER OF RESIDENTS
CANADA	28	56%
ENGLAND	2	4%
IRELAND	2	4%
MAINE	3	6%
MASSACHUSETTS	12	24%
MICHIGAN	1	2%
NEW HAMPSHIRE	1	2%
RHODE ISLAND	2	2%
	50 TOTAL RESIDENTS

 

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Footnotes

1. Dorothy Lorant and Lynne Ladd, USM today and yesterday 75th Anniversary Special Edition 6, no. 2.

2. Jay Lindsay, “Gloucester Crossing: In the Shoe’s shadow,” Beverly Citizen, 13 December 1996, vol.2, no.16.

3. Dorothy Lorant and Lynne Ladd, USM today and yesterday 75th Anniversary Special Edition 7, no. 2.

4. Iain Howie, “Serving the Shoemaker for 100 years.” The Official Centenary History of the British United Shoe Machinery.

5. Beverly City Directory for 1916, (244 Cabot St. Beverly MA), 316.

6. Jay Lindsay ,”Gloucester Crossing: In the Shoe’s shadow,” Beverly Citizen, 13 December 1996, vol. 2, no.16.

7. Beverly City Directory for 1940 (242 Cabot St. Beverly MA), 522.

8. Iain Howie, “Serving the Shoemaker for 100 years.” The Official Centenary History of British United Shoe Machinery.

9. United States Census, 1 June 1900, Beverly MA, by Marie L. Grenien, 1478.